Social media: How Twitter affects the discussion of UBI
A new research study carried out by Jeff Hemsley, Martha Garcia”Murillo and Ian P. MacInnes investigates how social media affects the discussion and spread of policy and ideas with a case study focus on the topic of Universal Basic Income (UBI).
The researchers argue that social media provides an important space for analysis, with Twitter, in particular, being dominated by policy advocates and policy issues. The study thus uses UBI discussion as a case study to determine how policy issues disseminate on social media, rather than focusing on the details of UBI. Social media (more on that below) has taken over across the globe, with many ways that individuals and businesses can connect to help with a myriad of issues. Because of this reliance, there is now adaptable technology used for these websites from Instagram automation to Twitter management so businesses are able to be in every place ‘at once’.
The researchers used keyword collection on Twitter’s application programming interfaces (API) to identify tweets containing any of 23 specific terms related to UBI, dating from July 25th to December 12th of 2016. Within the captured time frame, Twitter users posted a total of 157,000 tweets related to UBI, at an average of 1,127 messages per day. The authors conclude that because the data collection of tweets related to UBI did not break the Twitter rate limit API, it can be inferred that discussion of the topic at the given period was not significantly numerous.
The researchers then reviewed these tweets using content analysis methods to code UBI-related tweets as informative or emotionally resonant, and to examine whether this affected users’ perceptions of UBI. They conclude that, in the UBI discussion space, “interesting” tweets are more likely to be shared, but tweets that have a more emotionally resonant message are far more likely to draw a greater number of new users into the online discussion about UBI. This is often known as one’s “presence” or the ability for their Twitter messages to be seen and spread to other uses. To that end many Twitter users use growth services to increase their presence (see this Tweepi site review for more information on growth services) and that may also explain how UBI messages have been so widespread on Twitter. Social media platforms are all similar in the way that emotional posts, perhaps made on Instagram, are the most viewed and shared. They could also use an Instagram bot, or several bots, to help boost the posts exposure on the audience’s newsfeeds. Often, users of these platforms try to spread messages that help them to gain followers and viewers to their profiles so they can have more people looking at the important messages they want to put out into the world. If you’re looking to do the same with your posts, The Small Business Blog is just one of the websites social media influencers go to in order to find ways to turn their important messages into popular posts. The spread of this influence may warrant further study but for now, the researchers are focussing on how Twitter itself spreads messages.
Because tweets coded as “interesting” are often seen and posted by users already within a “UBI positive echo chamber,” whereas “emotionally resonant” tweets trigger emotional responses which can “activate existing users and can bring users into the discussion space who may participate again in the future.”
For policy issues like UBI to produce further discussion and influence greater numbers of users on social media, the academics conclude that “policy advocates likely need both emotional messages that resonate with people as well as informative messages that are resources for the community.”
For more information:
Jeff Hemsley, Martha Garcia”Murillo and Ian P. MacInnes, “Tweets That Resonate: Information Flows and the Growth of Twitter’s Universal Basic Income Discussion Space,” Policy & Internet, 15 July 2018.
Picture Credit: Financial services and Social media
